【内容概要】
在继承人依《公司法》第76条获授股东资格时至股东资格确认完成时之间的相当长的一段时间里，原自然人股东拥有的股权处于一种无人行权的真空状态中，笔者称之为股权继承过程中的股权虚置。股权虚置期间一般包括“主体确认期间”和“显名确认期间”两个期间。尽管股东资格的继承乃为法定，无需公司股东会另行召开会议作出相关决议，但由于现实中的复杂性，股权失权及损害原自然人拥有的股权事件常有发生，对于股权虚置状态，就需要一些特殊规则予以规制，即在保证效率和交易安全的基础上，为有效地衡平个人利益和公司利益，须对股权虚置的“两个期间”予以合理确定，并对利害关系人在该“两个期间”的积极作为或者消极不作为的相关法律后果予以严格的法律规制。

【关键词】股权继承；股东资格；股权虚置；股东资格确认纠纷

2005年《公司法》第76条规定，自然人股东死亡后，在公司章程未作排除规定的情形下，其合法继承人可以继承股东资格。由于在自然人股东死亡时，如笔者拙文《股东继承是股东资格继承》所述，继承人继承的是股权中的财产权的当然所有权以及股权中的非财产权的获授资格。继承人要取得《公司法》上的、完整意义上的股权，尚需经历一个确认程序。无论是通过内部确认还是通过司法确认，在继承人依法获授股东资格时至股东资格确认完成时之间的一段时间里，原自然人股东拥有的股权处于一种无人行权的真空状态中，笔者称之为股权继承过程中的股权虚置。

对于“继承人依法获授股东资格时”，依拙文《股东继承是股东资格继承》的观点，应理解为继承开始时，即自然人股东死亡时；对于“股东资格确认完成时”，笔者以为应区分内部确认或者司法确认的不同情形，作不同的节点确定：

从股东资格的原始取得来看，2005年《公司法》规定的确认程序大体有五：一是发起人按照投资协议书认缴出资并履行出资义务；二是将发起人记载于共同制定的公司章程中并签署；三是记载于股东名册并依该名册行使股东权利；四是在工商管理机关予以设立登记；五是公司设立后向股东签发出资证明书。由于司法实践中，股东身份的确定，需以当事人能否提供相关证据予以认定。在前述主要确认程序中，可分析得出，过程形成的证据有两类，一是能够证明当事人认缴出资、已实际出资或者实际行使股权的实质证据；二是公司章程、股东名册、工商登记材料和出资证明书等形式证据。就各类证据与股东资格之间的联系而言，认缴出资或实际出资与股东资格有一定的联系，但非必然联系；行使股权与股东资格存在着必然的联系，但为具备股东身份之后的行为，是资格确认后的权利处分事项；公司章程的记载与股东资格有一定的联系，但非充分条件；工商登记只具有对善意第三人的证权功能，但不具备设权之效；出资证明书的签发与股东资格有一定的关系，但非必要条件；股东名册是建立公司与股东之间法律关系的依据，依2005年《公司法》第33条第2款规定，“记载于股东名册的股东，可以依股东名册主张行使股东权利。”因此，从上述证据与股东资格的联系来看，结合商事活动的特点，完全可以得出这样一个结论，即：对于股东资格的确定标准，于公司内部应探求公司的真实意思表示；于公司外部则应着眼于权利外观而考虑商事登记的公示作用。

对于股东资格的继受取得，由于获授资格法定，对于实质证据的审查乃为继承资格的认定，而非股东资格的原始取得中的认缴出资或者已实际出资。在当事人提供证据能够证明其为原自然人股东的合法继承人或者在共同继承情形下被确定为股东资格的最终继承人的前提下，对于其股东资格的确认，就应比照股东资格的原始取得的确定标准予以认定。同时，参照适用《物权法》第28条规定，即“因人民法院、仲裁委员会的法律文书或者人民政府的征收决定等，导致物权设立、变更、转让或者消灭的，自法律文书或者人民政府的征收决定等生效时发生效力。”故对于“股东资格确认完成时”的认定，在内部确认的情形下宜确定为“继承人作为股东被记载于公司股东名册之日”；在司法确认的情形下宜确定为“人民法院责令公司向继承人签发出资证明书、将继承人记载于股东名册并办理公司登记机关登记裁判生效之日”。

有学者认为，股权继承过程中不存在股权虚置问题，继承人获授股东资格后即可享受股东权利并承担股东义务，公司为股东履行确认手续是其法定义务，不能以确认程序是否完成而限制继承人作为股东的身份从事相应的公司行为。对此，笔者不予苟同。理由有四：

首先，股东资格与股东的概念不能等同。2004年2月24日北京市高级人民法院《关于审理公司纠纷案件若干问题的指导意见(试行)》（京高法发[2004]50号）第11条规定，股东资格是指继承人“取得和行使股东权利并承担股东义务的基础”；按照通常理解，股东是指在公司成立时向公司出资或在公司成立后依法继受取得股权，对公司享有权利和承担义务的人。显然，获授股东资格只是意味着产生了股权变动的原因，具备了成为股东的条件，使股东发生变更有了依据，但是，股权的变动和股东的变更却需要特定的行为和程序；而取得股东身份和地位，则是实现股东资格继承的结果，意味着具备股东资格继承的主体资格的继承人已经公司真实意思表示被接纳为其团体成员，从而进入了该团体内部，并可依其身份行使其权利和履行其义务。质言之，股东资格与股东是存在差异的区别性概念。

其次，股东资格的继承主体的确认问题是《继承法》的调整范围，待继承主体确认之后，才能涉及《公司法》有关股东资格的继承的适用问题。由于公司的其他股东没有识别股东资格的继承主体的义务，一般情形下也无识别之能力，当存在多个合法继承人时，如果多个合法继承人之间有合意，尚可容忍按其合意允许多个继承人行使股东权利；但如果多个继承人存在继承争议时，在允许继承人行使股东权利方面，就显然没有办法操作。而且，在合法继承人范围、股东资格的主体等争议未解决或确定之前，允许部分或全部继承人行使股东权利，无疑是将《继承法》的调整方式强加于《公司法》之上，并强行苛以公司的其他股东对该等继承人有审查识别和消极容忍的义务，不仅有违于法律适用的方法，而且僭越了股东的法律边界、导致了股东权利的滥用，也不利于维持公司的稳定性以及保障交易的安全。退一步言，即便不承认股东资格的继承主体确认时至股东确认程序完成时存在股权虚置的问题，但是，在共同继承的情形下，从继承开始时至股东资格的继承主体最终确认时，由于围绕着财产分割的债务分配、税负承担等一系列问题，股东资格的继承主体最终确认事项并非一天两天就能完成，股权虚置的状态同样持续存在。

再次，2005年《公司法》76条规定的“继承股东资格”，解决的是继承人关于股东资格的获授问题，并非解决股东权利真空的问题，按照2005年《公司法》的相关规定，如前述，无论是股东资格的原始取得，抑或是股东资格的继受取得，其股东资格都必须通过一定的手续或程序加以确认：除公司内部形成一致意思、履行相关实体义务和法定程序外，还需向工商登记机关办理登记。对于股东资格的继承，除公司内部记载于股东名册、公司章程以及签发出资证明书外，根据2005年《公司法》第33条第3款以及《公司法》第31条的规定，亦尚需办理工商变更登记。当具备股东资格合法继承的主体资格的继承人向公司申请股东资格确认不能时，该继承人还可依照《公司法司法解释三》第23条、第24条等规定向人民法院提起股东资格确认之诉、要求公司将其记载于股东名册等而取得股东的身份和地位。

最后，2005年《公司法》第20条规定，“公司股东应当遵守法律、行政法规和公司章程，依法行使股东权利”；第33条第2款规定，“记载于股东名册的股东，可以依股东名册主张行使股东权利”，第3款进一步规定，“公司应当将股东的姓名或者名称及其出资额向公司登记机关登记；登记事项发生变更的，应当办理变更登记。未经登记或者变更登记的，不得对抗第三人。”从上述规定，依法条文义，可得出这样一个基本结论：股东权利的行使是以股东身份的取得为前提条件，因此，具备股东资格的继承人，在股东资格继承尚未实现、取得股东身份前，允许其从公司外部直接进入公司内部，作为行使股东权利、履行股东义务的主体显然是不适格的。

基于私有财产所有权优先保护和股东资格继承的法定性的前提，在拙文《股东继承是股东资格继承》中，笔者认为，对于股东资格继承的取得时间应确定在继承开始时，即自然人死亡时。但现实生活中，自然人股东死亡后，由于各种原因，常常存在具备股东资格继承的主体资格的继承人尚未最终确定的情形。因此，结合上述分析，在具备股东资格继承的主体资格的继承人尚未最终确定的情形下，股权虚置期间一般包括两个期间：一是继承开始时至具备股东资格继承的主体资格的继承人最终确定时的期间，笔者谓之为“主体确认期间”；二是具备股东资格继承的主体资格的继承人最终确定时至公司内部确认或司法确认继承人为公司股东完成时的期间，笔者谓之为“显名确认期间”。对于“具备股东资格继承的主体资格的继承人最终确定时”的理解，应以公司收到共同继承人通过内部合意最终被确定为股东资格继承人的当事人提交的股东资格确认申请书之日（内部协商情形），或者公司收到继承人提交的人民法院确认股东资格的生效判决书之日（继承纠纷情形）予以认定。这是因为公司不是合法继承股东资格的裁判机关，不具备审查识别继承资格之能力和法定义务，而继承人负有及时通知公司并使公司知情的法定义务。需要指出和强调的是，由于因继承事项而获授股东资格的节点起始于自然人股东死亡时，故具备股东资格继承的主体资格的继承人最终确认后，其继承股东资格的效力当然溯及于“主体确认期间”，自始有效。强调这一效力的溯及力十分重要，因为它关涉到继承人在公司、其他股东或者第三人对原自然人股东所拥有的股权在股权虚置期间造成损害的情形下寻求救济时的原告诉讼地位的确立以及求偿权实现等诸多问题。

从理论上讲，股权虚置状态不会影响到继承人的股东自益权，而仅仅是股东共益权行使上存在障碍。但在实践中，没有共益权支撑的股东自益权显属无保障之权利，继承人只有以显名股东之身份行使股东的全部权利，才能维护自身的合法权益不受侵犯。因此，尽管股东资格的继承乃为法定，无需公司股东会另行召开会议作出相关决议，但由于现实中的复杂性，股权失权及侵害原自然人拥有的股权的事情时有发生，对于股权虚置状态，就需要一些特殊规则予以规制，即在维护公司稳定性、保障交易安全以及保证效率的基础上，为有效地衡平个人利益和公司利益，须对股权虚置的“两个期间”予以合理确定，并对利害关系人在该“两个期间”的积极作为或者消极不作为的相关法律后果予以严格的法律规制。这些都需要法律和司法解释予以明确。具体地说：

1、在“主体确认期间”，虽主体确认等民事行为主要受《继承法》调整，不涉及《公司法》的调整问题，但是，公司及公司的其他股东负有消极等待的义务，客观上存在《继承法》与《公司法》的衔接问题。为避免长时间主体确认的不确定性，导致严重影响公司的正常的生产运营或者使公司受到不利益，需要合理确定“主体确认期间”。在性质上，“主体确认期间”既非诉讼时效，亦非除斥期间，只是体现一种对私有财产所有权优先保护和股东资格继承的法定性原则的尊重，因此，对于“主体确认期间”的确定，不宜过长。

2、根据《公司登记管理条例》“第五章 变更登记”的相关规定，公司变更登记事项的，一般应自变更登记事项决议或决定作出之日起30日内向原公司登记机关申请变更登记。因此，参照适用之，同时考虑到“主体确认期间”，可参照上述规定确定“显名确认期间”。同时，为防止继承人拒绝、怠于或者因重大过失不及时向公司提出确认申请，避免公司的期限利益损失，也应对继承人向公司提交确认申请书的时间予以限定。对于因继承主体资格的确定争议向法院提起诉讼的案件，法院也宜本着效率的原则快审速裁。

3、如果自然人股东的多个继承人不能在“主体确认期间”最终确定股东资格的继承人的，又不提起诉讼的；或者具备股东资格继承主体资格的继承人无正当理由未能在规定时间内向公司提交确认申请书的，则应视为放弃股东资格的继承，由公司依股权转让或者股份回购规则办理为宜。

4、如果公司在“显名确认期间”拒绝或者怠于履行继承人的股东资格的确认义务，则具有股东资格继承的主体资格的继承人有权在该期限届满之日起根据《公司法司法解释三》第23条、第24条依法向人民法院提起诉讼，由内部确认向司法强制确认转换。同理，为避免原自然人股东拥有的股权处于长期虚置的状态，对于继承人提起司法强制确认的法定期限也不宜设置过长。同时，为体现效率，对于股东资格继承的司法强制确认之诉，在审理程序上可参照适用“确认调解协议案件”的特别程序，并参照适用2012年《民事诉讼法》第180条关于特别程序审限的规定。

5、在股权虚置期间，公司及公司的其他股东积极作为侵害原自然人股东股权的，依法获授股东资格的继承人在股东身份确认之后可提起侵权赔偿之诉；在继承人向公司提出股东资格确认申请书后，公司无正当理由拒绝或者怠于履行股东资格确认确认程序的，造成损失的，应承担赔偿责任，公司的其他股东、董事、高级管理人员或者实际控制人有过错的，应承担相应的责任。

作者简介：法学博士，北京市博金律师事务所专职律师，13810112545
国务院


国务院关于鼓励台湾同胞投资的规定(附英文)
国务院



第一条 为促进大陆和台湾地区的经济技术交流，以利于祖国海峡两岸的共同繁荣，鼓励台湾的公司、企业和个人（以下统称台湾投资者）在大陆投资，制定本规定。
第二条 台湾投资者可以在大陆各省、自治区、直辖市、经济特区投资。
鼓励台湾投资者到海南省以及福建、广东、浙江等省沿海地带划定的岛屿和地区从事土地开发经营。
第三条 台湾投资者在大陆可以下列形式进行投资：
（一）举办台湾投资者拥有全部资本的企业；
（二）举办合资经营企业、合作经营企业；
（三）开展补偿贸易、来料加工装配、合作生产；
（四）购买企业的股票和债券；
（五）购置房产；
（六）依法取得土地使用权，开发经营；
（七）法律、法规允许的其他投资形式。
第四条 台湾投资者可以在大陆的工业、农业、服务业以及其他符合社会和经济发展方向的行业投资。台湾投资者可以从各地方人民政府有关部门公布的项目中选择投资项目，也可以自行提出投资项目意向，向拟投资地区对外经济贸易部门或者地方人民政府指定的审批机关申请。
国家鼓励台湾投资者投资举办产品出口企业和先进技术企业，并给予相应的优惠待遇。
第五条 台湾投资者在大陆投资举办拥有全部资本的企业、合资经营企业和合作经营企业（以下统称台胞投资企业），除适用本规定外，参照执行国家有关涉外经济法律、法规的规定，享受相应的外商投资企业待遇。
台湾投资者在大陆进行其他形式的投资，以及在大陆没有设立营业机构而有来源于大陆的股息、利息、租金、特许权使用费和其他所得，除适用本规定外，也可以参照执行国家有关涉外经济法律、法规的规定。
第六条 台湾投资者可以用可自由兑换货币、机器设备或者其他实物、工业产权、专有技术等作为投资。
第七条 台湾投资者在大陆的投资、购置的资产、工业产权、投资所得利润和其他合法权益受国家法律保护，并可以依法转让和继承。
台湾投资者在大陆的活动应当遵守国家的法律、法规。
第八条 国家对台湾投资者的投资和其他资产不实行国有化。
第九条 国家根据社会公共利益的需要，对台胞投资企业实行征收时，依照法律程序进行并给予相应的补偿。
第十条 台湾投资者投资获得的合法利润，其他合法收入和清算后的资金，可以依法汇往境外。
第十一条 台胞投资企业在其投资总额内进口本企业所需的机器设备、生产用车辆和办公设备，以及台胞个人在企业工作期间运进自用的、合理数量的生活用品和交通工具，免缴进口关税、工商统一税，免领进口许可证。
台胞投资企业进口用于生产出口产品的原材料、燃料、散件、零部件、元器件、配套件，免缴进口关税、工商统一税，免领进口许可证，由海关实行监管。上述进口料件，如用于在大陆销售的产品，应当按照国家规定补办进口手续，并照章补税。
台胞投资企业生产的出口产品，除国家限制出口的外，免缴出口关税和工商统一税。
第十二条 台胞投资企业可以向大陆的金融机构借款，也可以向境外的金融机构借款，并可以本企业资产和权益抵押、担保。
第十三条 台湾投资者拥有全部资本的企业，经营期限由投资者自行确定；合资经营企业和合作经营企业，经营期限由合资或者合作各方协商确定，也可以不规定经营期限。
第十四条 合资经营企业董事会的组成和董事长的委派、合作经营企业董事会或者联合管理机构的组成和董事长或者联合管理机构主任的委派，可以参照出资比例或者合作条件由合资或者合作各方协商决定。
第十五条 台胞投资企业依照经批准的合同、章程进行经营管理活动。企业的经营管理自主权不受干涉。
第十六条 在大陆投资的台胞个人以及台胞投资企业从境外聘请的技术和管理人员，可以申请办理多次入出境的证件。
第十七条 台湾投资者在大陆投资可以委托大陆的亲友为其代理人。代理人应当持有具有法律效力的委托书。
第十八条 在台胞投资企业集中的地区，台湾投资者可以向当地人民政府申请成立台商协会。
第十九条 台湾投资者在大陆投资举办合资经营企业、合作经营企业，由大陆的合资、合作方负责申请；举办台湾投资者拥有全部资本的企业，由台湾投资者直接申请或者委托在大陆的亲友、咨询服务机构等代为申请。台湾投资者投资举办企业的申请，由当地对外经济贸易部门或者地
方人民政府指定的审批机关统一受理。
台胞投资企业的审批，按照国务院规定的权限办理。各级对外经济贸易部门或者地方人民政府指定的审批机关应当在收到全部申请文件之日起45天内决定批准或者不批准。
申请人应当在收到批准证书之日起30天内，按照有关登记管理办法，向工商行政管理机关申请登记，领取营业执照。
第二十条 台湾投资者在大陆投资因履行合同发生的或者与合同有关的争议，当事人应当尽可能通过协商或者调解解决。
当事人不愿协商、调解的，或者协商、调解不成的，可以依据合同中的仲裁条款或者事后达成的书面仲裁协议，提交大陆或者香港的仲裁机构仲裁。
当事人没有在合同中订立仲裁条款，事后又没有达成书面仲裁协议的，可以向人民法院起诉。
第二十一条 本规定由对外经济贸易部负责解释。
第二十二条 本规定自发布之日起施行。


Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

PROVISIONS OF THE STATE COUNCIL CONCERNING THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF
INVESTMENTS BY COMPATRIOTS FROM TAIWAN
(Adopted by the Tenth Executive Meeting of the State Council on
June 25, 1988, promulgated by Decree No. 7 of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China on July 3, 1988, and effective as of the date
of promulgation)
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to promote economic and
technological exchanges between China's mainland and the region of Taiwan,
thereby boosting common prosperity of the two parts of the motherland on
both sides of the Straits, and to encourage companies, enterprises and
individuals on Taiwan (hereinafter referred to as "investors from Taiwan")
to make investments on China's mainland.
Article 2
Investors from Taiwan may make investments in all provinces, autonomous
regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, and special
economic zones on China's mainland.
Investors from Taiwan are encouraged to engage themselves in land
development operations in Hainan Province and on the designated islands
and in areas along the coastal regions of the Provinces of Fujian,
Guangdong and Zhejiang.

Article 3
The investments made by investors from Taiwan on China's mainland may take
the following forms:
(1) to establish enterprises with the capital wholly owned by investors
from Taiwan;
(2) to establish equity or contractual joint ventures;
(3) to carry out compensation trade, to process supplied materials, to
assemble supplied parts, and to carry out contractual production;
(4) to purchase shares and various kinds of bonds and debentures of
existing enterprises;
(5) to purchase real estate;
(6) to obtain land use right according to law and to engage in land
development operations; and
(7) to adopt other forms of investment permitted under the laws and
regulations.
Article 4
Investors from Taiwan may make investments in various trades in China's
mainland: industries, agriculture, service trades, and other trades that
are in conformity with the orientation of social and economic development.
Investors from Taiwan may select investment projects from the lists of
projects published by the departments concerned under various local
people's governments; they may also put forward, of their own accord,
proposals as to their investment intent and file their applications to the
departments of foreign economic relations and trade or to the examining
and approving organs designated by various local people's governments in
areas where they intend to make investments.
The State encourages investors from Taiwan to make investments in the
establishment of export oriented enterprises and of technological advanced
enterprises and gives corresponding preferential treatment to such
enterprises.

Article 5
With respect to the various types of enterprises established with
investments by investors from Taiwan - enterprises with the capital wholly
owned by investors from Taiwan, equity and contractual joint ventures
(hereinafter referred to as "enterprises with investments by compatriots
from Taiwan"), they shall all be operated in accordance with these
Provisions; in addition to this, they may also enjoy the corresponding
preferential treatment as enjoyed by enterprises with foreign investments
with reference to the relevant provisions in foreign-related economic
laws, decrees and regulations of the state.
With respect to the other forms of investment made by investors from
Taiwan on China's mainland, and with respect to those investors from
Taiwan who have not set up business offices on the mainland, but have
dividends, interest, rental, royalties and other incomes that come from
China's mainland, in addition to the application of these Provisions,
reference shall be made to the relevant foreign-related economic law,
decrees and regulations.
Article 6
Investors from Taiwan may make investments by using freely convertible
currencies, machinery and equipment or other physical goods, industrial
property right, and proprietary technology.
Article 7
The investments made on China's mainland by investors from Taiwan, the
assets they have purchased, their industrial property rights, their
profits from investments, and other lawful rights and interests shall be
protected by state laws, and may be transferred or inherited according to
law.
Investors from Taiwan shall, in their activities on China's mainland,
abide by state laws, decrees and regulations.
Article 8
The state shall not nationalize the investments made by investors from
Taiwan or other assets belonging to them.
Article 9
Where the state, in light of the needs of social and public interest, has
to requisition the enterprises with investments by compatriots from
Taiwan, the State shall handle the requisitioning according to the legal
procedures and the investors concerned shall be duly compensated.
Article 10
The lawful profits gained by the investors from Taiwan from their
investments, their other lawful income and the funds after liquidation may
be remitted out of China's mainland according to law.

Article 11
Machinery and equipment imported to meet the needs of the enterprises with
investments by compatriots from Taiwan and included in the total amount of
investment, the motor vehicles for use in production, the office
equipment, as well as the articles and means of communications for
personal use and within reasonable quantities, imported by individual
compatriots from Taiwan during the period when they work in the aforesaid
enterprises shall be exempted from Customs duties and consolidated
industrial and commercial tax, and also from application of import
licences.
The raw and processed materials, fuels, bulk parts, spare and component
parts, primary parts, and fittings, which are imported by the enterprises
with investments by compatriots from Taiwan for the production of export
commodities, shall all be exempted from Customs duties and consolidated
industrial and commercial tax and also from obtaining import licences, and
placed under the supervision of the Customs. In case that the aforesaid
imported raw materials and parts are used for the production of
commodities to be sold on the market of China's mainland, it is imperative
to make up the procedures for importation and to pay taxes and duties
according to the regulations. The export commodities produced by the
enterprises with investments by compatriots from Taiwan shall, with the
exception of those commodities the export of which is under restriction by
the state, be exempted from Customs duties on export goods and
consolidated industrial and commercial tax.
Article 12
Enterprises with investments by compatriots from Taiwan may obtain loans
from financial institutions of China's mainland; they may also obtain
loans from financial institutions outside China's mainland, and may use
their assets as well as their rights and interests as mortgage or
security.
Article 13
With respect to the enterprises with the capital wholly owned by investors
from Taiwan, their period of operation shall be determined by the
investors themselves; as to equity and contractual joint ventures their
period of operation shall be determined, through consultation, by the
various parties to the ventures, they may also choose not to stipulate a
period of operation.
Article 14
The composition of the board of directors of equity joint ventures and the
appointment of the chairman of the board of directors, the composition of
the board of directors or of the joint managerial organs of contractual
joint ventures and the appointment of the chairman or the appointment of
the director of the joint managerial organs, shall be determined, through
consultation, by the various parties to the equity or contractual joint
ventures in light of the proportion of investments or the terms of
contract.

Article 15
Enterprises with investments by compatriots from Taiwan shall conduct
their operational and managerial activities in accordance with the
approved contract or articles of association. The enterprises' decision-
making power for business operations and management shall not be
interfered with.
Article 16
The technical and managerial personnel, engaged by individuals and
enterprises investing on China's mainland may apply and obtain multiple-
journey travel documents.
Article 17
The investors from Taiwan, who make investments on China's mainland, may
appoint their relatives or friends residing on the mainland as their
agents. The agents should hold legally effective letters of authority.
Article 18
In areas where enterprises with investments by compatriots from Taiwan are
concentrated, the investors from Taiwan may apply to the local people's
government for the establishment of the association of investors from
Taiwan.
Article 19
With respect to equity and contractual joint ventures to be established,
on China's mainland, with investments by investors from Taiwan, the
application for the establishment of the aforesaid enterprises shall be
filed by the mainland party; as o the enterprises to be established with
capital wholly owned by investors from Taiwan, the application shall be
filed directly by the investors from Taiwan themselves, or they may
entrust their relatives or friends residing on the mainland, or entrust
the institution providing advisory services, with the application. The
applications for the establishment of enterprises with investments by
investors from Taiwan shall be accepted and handled, in a unified manner,
by the local department for foreign economic relations and trade, or by
the examining and approving organs designated by the local people's
government. Cases concerning the examination and approval of the
application for the establishment of enterprises with investments by
compatriots from Taiwan shall be handled in accordance with the authority
prescribed by the State Council. Departments for foreign economic
relations and trade at various levels or the examining and approving
organs designated by the local people's government shall, within forty-
five days of receipt of complete application documents, make the decision
on whether the said application is approved or disapproved.
The applicants shall, within thirty days receipt of the written approval,
file an application to the department for the administration of industry
and commerce, and, in accordance with the relevant procedures for
registration and administration, go through the procedures for
registration and obtain business licences.

Article 20
With respect to the investors from Taiwan who have made investments in
China's mainland, in case that a dispute arises during the execution of,
or in connection with, a contract, the parties concerned shall try their
best to settle the dispute through consultation or mediation.
Where the parties concerned are unwilling to settle the dispute through
consultation or mediation, or the consultation or mediation has failed,
the parties concerned may, in accordance with the stipulation of the
arbitration articles in the contract, or in accordance with the written
arbitration agreement reached by the parties concerned after the dispute
has arisen, submit their dispute to the arbitration authorities on China's
mainland or in Hong Kong for settlement.
In the event that the parties concerned did not include an arbitration
article in their contract, and on written arbitration agreement has been
reached after the dispute has arisen, then the dispute may be brought
before the people's court.
Article 21
The right to interpret these Provisions resides in the Ministry of Foreign
Economic Relations and Trade.
Article 22
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.



1988年7月3日